What is the main risk factor for gestational diabetes?

Obesity is recognized as the primary risk factor for gestational diabetes due to its direct impact on insulin sensitivity. Excess body fat, particularly visceral fat, can lead to a state of insulin resistance. During pregnancy, hormonal changes further increase insulin resistance, and if the body cannot maintain normal glucose levels because of these factors, gestational diabetes can develop.

In addition to obesity, other factors, such as age, high blood pressure, and familial history of diabetes, contribute to the risk but are not as significant as obesity. While being over the age of 35 can increase the risk, and having high blood pressure or a family history of diabetes can also be considerations, the relationship between obesity and the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy makes it the most critical risk factor in this context. Thus, managing weight before and during pregnancy can be vital in reducing the risk of developing gestational diabetes.