What are the risks associated with prolonged rupture of membranes?

Prolonged rupture of membranes, defined as the rupture of the amniotic sac more than 18 hours before delivery, poses significant risks primarily related to infection and the likelihood of preterm labor. When the protective amniotic sac is compromised for an extended period, the risk of ascending infections increases, leading to conditions such as chorioamnionitis, which can affect both the mother and fetus. Additionally, prolonged rupture can initiate uterine contractions, resulting in preterm labor, particularly if the pregnancy is not at term.

The other options, while they relate to various obstetric complications, are not directly associated with prolonged rupture of membranes in the same way. Maternal hemorrhage and fetal brain injury are more related to other risk factors and complications that may arise during labor and delivery, rather than specifically a consequence of prolonged rupture. Similarly, placenta previa is a condition defined by the position of the placenta and is not influenced by the status of the membranes. Thus, the primary concern with prolonged rupture of membranes centers on the heightened risk of infection and preterm labor, affirming the choice made.