What are potential effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy?

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with several detrimental effects on fetal development and outcomes. The correct answer identifies low birth weight, preterm birth, and an increased risk for developmental issues as the primary consequences.

Smoking introduces harmful chemicals into the body, including nicotine and carbon monoxide, which negatively affect placental function and fetal growth. Low birth weight often results from reduced oxygen and nutrient supply leading to intrauterine growth restriction. Preterm birth can occur due to increased rates of complications, such as placental abruption or premature rupture of membranes, which are more common in smokers.

Moreover, smoking can have long-term implications for the child's development, increasing the risk of issues such as cognitive deficits, behavior problems, and other developmental disorders postnatally. These consequences highlight the critical impacts of maternal smoking, making this answer valid and aligning with well-documented research in obstetrics and maternal-fetal health.