During a routine check-up, which finding would indicate the need for further monitoring of a newborn?

A fever above 100.4°F (38°C) in a newborn is a significant finding that warrants further monitoring and possible intervention. Neonates have an immature immune system, making them particularly vulnerable to infections. A fever can be one of the earliest signs of a serious infection, such as sepsis, meningitis, or urinary tract infection. Prompt evaluation and monitoring are crucial in these cases because identifying and addressing potential infections early can significantly improve outcomes for the newborn.

In contrast, a weight loss of 5% from birth weight might not be alarming since some weight loss is common in the first few days after birth as infants adjust to feeding and fluid balances. A breathing rate of 40-60 breaths per minute falls within the normal range for newborns, suggesting that respiratory function is stable. Similarly, a skin bilirubin level of 5 mg/dL may indicate mild jaundice, which can be common in newborns and often resolves without significant intervention. These findings typically do not require the same level of concern or monitoring as a fever does.